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                <text>This photograph was taken underneath the Temple Mount, in the area known as Solomon's Stables (at the southern end of the Temple Mount, underneath the current Al Aqsa Mosque). Rather than being stables, they are cavernous halls that were built during King Herod's expansion of the Temple Mount. The arches supported flat paving stones on the Temple Mount's surface, thus allowing Herod to level and flatten the elevated surface of the Temple Mount compound. The monumental steps on the southern side of the Temple Mount led through the Hulda Gates into this area before reaching the top of the Temple Mount.</text>
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                <text>In the background of this aerial photograph of the Old City of Jerusalem we see the hills of the Judaean desert, as well as Transjordan in the distance. In the near distance, just beyond the city, is the Mount of Olives and Mt. Scopus. In the center of the photograph is the current Old City with its Ottoman walls. The yellow square designates the Christian Quarter with the Church of the Holy Sepulchre at its center (that is what the arrow is pointing to). The Red oval is around the Temple Mount complex, at the center of which is the Dome of the Rock.</text>
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                <text>This map represents the common scholarly opinion about what the layout of Jerusalem looked like after the Second Temple period. The Jewish Temple has been destroyed and, as many scholars believe, a new temple to the Roman god Jupiter has been erected in its place on the temple platform. It also shows the proposed site for the camp of the Tenth Roman Legion (in the southwest corner of the city). The marks on the map represent the views of Prof. Eliav regarding the eastern border of the city (the black line) and the city center (the yellow box).</text>
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                <text>This aerial view of the Temple Mount, which is looking west, shows not just the massive Temple Mount complex and the Dome of the Rock, but also the Al Aqsa Mosque (to the left, at the south end of the Temple Mount complex) and the eastern wall of the Temple Mount with the sealed Golden Gate (known also as the Mercy Gate and the Beautiful gate). The gate was sealed in the Ottoman period. Note the tower ('minaret' in Arabic) at the top right (northwest) corner of the Temple Mount compound. It belongs to a 13th century mosque called the Ghawanima. The rectangular building to its right (north) with the white roof is a modern Arab school called Omaria. The mosque, the minaret and the Omaria all sit of the ruins and foundation of the Roman-period Antonia fortress.</text>
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                <text>This photograph shows Nimrud's Castle, which sits on top of a steep hill in the northern Golan Heights, underneath Mt. Hermon. It guarded one of the roads from Tyre to Damascus. This slide looks southwest; in the background is the Huleh Valley and the hills of Upper Galilee. It is unclear when this fort was built, but it was part of the area's defenses during both Crusader and Muslim control of the area. In 1187 it was the site of a large battle between Saladin and Baldwin III, the king of Jerusalem.</text>
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                <text>This photograph shows Montfort Castle ('mountain castle' in Latin), which was built by the Teutonic Order (a German order patterned after the Knights Templar) in the early 13th century. It is located in western Galilee protecting one of the local roads that ran from the port city of Acre to Damascus. The castle was surrendered to Baybars, the Sultan of Egypt, in 1271 CE.</text>
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                <text>This map was found to be part of the mosaic floor of a 6th century CE church in Madaba, Jordan (east of the Dead Sea), and includes this map of Byzantine Jerusalem. A broad, column-lined street runs from the north gate south through the center of the city (called a cardo, it is a common feature of Graeco-Roman cities). At the northern end of this street (the left of the picture) there is a monumental column in a public plaza. It is interesting that the modern Arab name for the Damascus Gate is Bab el-'Amud ("Gate of the Column"). At the center of the map you can see the church of the Holy Sepulchre with its yellowish dome. The Inscription at the top left of the map reads 'The Holy City of Jerusalem' (in Greek).</text>
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          <description>Name of the course lecture the image belongs to.</description>
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          <description>Title suitable for display on Google Maps/Earth.</description>
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                <text>This photograph shows a small aedicule, a chapel built over the rock cut empty tomb believed to belong to Jesus. It stands at the center of the rotunda, the round architectural structure that was built there by the Crusaders and right underneath the great dome of the church. This part of the church is also called the 'Anastasis,' which means 'raising up' in Greek, and was named as such for the belief in Jesus' resurrection from the tomb.</text>
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          <description>Modern country where the image is located.</description>
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          <description>City where the image is located.</description>
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          <description>Historical period.</description>
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          <description>Title suitable for display on Google Maps/Earth.</description>
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              <text>Nebi Musa</text>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>This photograph shows Nebi Musa, located in the Judaean Desert, on the road from Jerusalem down to the Dead Sea. It was used as a stopping point for Muslims on their way from Jerusalem to Mecca. A hospice was in place for this purpose by the end of the 15th century and it gradually became a traditional site for the burial place of Moses (Arabic: Musa). The site was repaired by the Ottomans. Beginning in the 19th century it became a pilgrimage site as part of the Nebi Musa festival, during which pilgrims would trek from Jerusalem to Nebi Musa for a week of celebration.</text>
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          <name>Lecture</name>
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          <description>Description of the image's location.</description>
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          <name>Google Earth Title</name>
          <description>Title suitable for display on Google Maps/Earth.</description>
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                <text>The raking light in this aerial view of the Old City of Jerusalem, looking east toward the Judaean Desert, clearly shows the Old City walls, which were built according to the orders of Suleiman the Magnificent in the first half of the 16th century CE. In the distance is the Judaean Desert. Beyond the walls of the Old City, is the Mount of Olives and its Jewish cemetery (to the right of the tower on the ridge, flowing down the hillside toward the southeastern corner of the Temple Mount). The Hinnom Valley is just out of sight at the bottom of the picture. Perhaps most interesting in this picture is the Tyropoeon Valley, which can be seen in the shadow that runs north/south (left/right in the picture) through the middle of the Old City, ending on this side of the Temple Mount.</text>
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                <text>This photograph shows the Horns of Hattin (or Hill of Hattin), which is the large, flat hilltop in the top center of the photograph. It is an extinct volcano that, from the ground, looks like two horns. Recent archaeological research has revealed a Roman village. We know from historical sources that the Crusaders were defeated by Saladin here on July 4, 1187 CE. In the background are the hills of eastern Galilee; just above are the city of Tiberias and the Sea of Galilee.</text>
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                <text>This map represents the military movements in the Mediterranean and the Middle East in the 13th century CE, including the 7th Crusade of King Louis IX in 1248 CE from France to Egypt (red) and the move of the Mongols in the 13th century, emanating from their homeland of Mongolia (yellow oval) into Asia, Central Europe, and eventually Syria and Palestine.</text>
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                <text>On this map the red circle surrounds the site of the Battle of Hattin, which took place on a small plateau to the west of the city of Tiberias. To the right is the northwest tip of the Sea of Galilee and to the north are the hills and peaks of Upper Galilee (in the background).</text>
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                <text>In this view from the hill of Hattin, looking NE, the cliffs of Mt. Arbel and the Sea of Galilee are in the background. The valley to the left of Arbel is the valley that the army of Saladin climbed from Tiberias to the plateau underneath Hattin where the battle took place. On Arbel we see the modern moshav of Arbel; in the plateau between Arbel and Hattin is Moshav Kfar Zeitim.</text>
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                <text>This painting, called Napoleon At The Pesthouse of Jaffa, was painted by Antoine-Jean Gros in 1804. It is a fantastical representation of Napoleon meeting lepers when he arrived at Jaffa after being beat in battle by Jazzar Pasha.</text>
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                <text>Chaim Weitzman was the first President of Israel. Prior to his presidency, he is widely credited as the one who convinced the British Foreign Minister Arthur Balfour to create the Balfour Declaration; he was also instrumental in its drafting. He generated wide-spread support for the establishment of a State of Israel. In this picture he is meeting Amir Feisal, one of the prominent Arab leaders of the time, in an attempt to reach a settlement between Jews and Arabs regarding the settlement of Palestine in the wake of World War I.</text>
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              <name>Subject</name>
              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Mandate</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Mandate</text>
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      <name>Still Image</name>
      <description>A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.</description>
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          <name>Lecture</name>
          <description>Name of the course lecture the image belongs to.</description>
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              <text>Mandate</text>
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              <text>Mandate</text>
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              <text>{Mandate}</text>
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          <name>Google Earth Title</name>
          <description>Title suitable for display on Google Maps/Earth.</description>
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              <text>Winston Churchill and Emir Abdulla</text>
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          <name>Location Modern Country</name>
          <description>Modern country where the image is located.</description>
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          <description>City where the image is located.</description>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>This photograph shows Winston Churchill (second from right), who was at that time the British Colonial Secretary, meeting with Emir Abdullah of Transjordan (fourth from right) and Sir Herbert Samuel (between them), who was the High Commissioner of Palestine. They met in Cairo in 1921 to decide what to do with the Middle East. One of the decisions made was to give a large chunk of British-controlled territory to King Feisal of Iraq and another to the Hashemite family of Jordan.</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>1921-01-01</text>
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        <name>British Mandate</name>
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        <name>Emir Abdulla</name>
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        <name>Winston Churchill</name>
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      <tag tagId="339">
        <name>World War I</name>
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    </tagContainer>
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</itemContainer>
