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                <text>This bronze bull was found on a hilltop southwest of Mt. Gilboa, all the way at the northern end of the central hill. When the site was excavated, excavators found an elliptical wall, 70 feet in diameter, inside of which was a large, roughly hewn stone that was 4 feet long, 3 feet high, and 1.75 feet thick. Next to the large stone were some paving stones. Nearby was a piece of folded bronze that had a handle attached and a square fragment of pottery that might have been part of a square-based incense burner like those found at Beit Shean, Megiddo, and Taanach. The excavator interpreted the wall as a temenos (i.e., a sacred enclosure), the bronze fragment as a mirror, and the large stone as an altar. The placement of the site and the combination of the above evidence also led him to conclude that the bull figure had been used at this site and that it was an early Israelite open-air high place, or bamah. Early Israelite bull worship is known from the Bible (Exodus 32), as well as in the northern Kingdom of Israel in the Iron Age II (1 Kings 12:28-33; 2 Kings 10:29). Other scholars have challenged these conclusions, saying that the evidence is too slim to conclude that it was a shrine, let alone that it was an Israelite shrine.</text>
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                <text>This relief map shows the Coastal Plain, Central Hill, and Jordan Valley in the central part of the country. Jerusalem is just off the map to the south, and Megiddo, on the edge of Galilee, is at the northern edge. In the period before the Israelite Monarchies, the Ammonites, Moabites, and Edomites lived on the other side of the Jordan Valley (past Succoth and Pehel), and the Philistines inhabited the coastal plain (labeled here as the 'Sharon Plain').</text>
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                <text>Qitmit: Edomite shrine</text>
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                <text>This artist's rendition of a cult structure at Horvat Qitmit in the eastern Negev Desert has been identified as being Edomite, and as dating to the 7th-6th centuries BCE, on the basis of its pottery. In addition to the pottery, many fragments of clay figures and life-sized statues were also found. The building to the upper right has three rectangular rooms that open to the south. The floors were found to be under a foot of ashes. In front of the building were two major open-air installations: a 3-foot by 4-foot platform standing within a walled court (upper left) and a circular stone enclosure within which was found a stone altar, a 3-foot-wide plaster-lined basin and a 3-foot-deep stone-lined pit. Nothing is known of how these features were used, but the presence of figures and figurines, as well as the ashes in the rectangular rooms, have led scholars to suggest that these structures served religious purposes. Note the open-air characteristics of this structure, which may point to the nomadic nature of its builders/users.</text>
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              <text>Timna</text>
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              <text>Timna</text>
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                <text>Timna: Temple of Hathor</text>
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                <text>This photo shows a small one-room temple enclosure near the copper mines of Timna in the eastern Sinai Desert. It was originally built to the Egyptian goddess Hathor in the 14th or 13th century BCE. Later in the 13th or early 12th century BCE the Egyptian shrine was refurbished by Midianites. The Egyptian hieroglyphs were removed and the Hathor pillared-images were moved (one was planted in the ground upside-down). It seems that in this period the object of worship was a copper serpent with a gilded head.</text>
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              <text>Near Amman</text>
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                <text>This shrine model and pillar figurines were not actually found together, but have been photographed together because they are cult objects from the end of the Israelite period (8th-7th centuries BCE). The shrine model was made from an inverted water jug, one side of which was sliced off, after which the two pillars with double volutes were applied. The dove with spread wings (above the doorway) and the three figurines were closely associated with the cult of Astarte.</text>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>The pottery shown here is typical of Israelite pottery from the Iron II period (10th-7th centuries BCE). The folded shapes in the foreground are folded lamps. Oil would be placed in the bowl-like part and a wick would be placed in the narrow portion (note that soot is still visible there).</text>
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            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>Ashdod: Iron I Philistine Pottery</text>
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                <text>Tel Qasile: Philistine temple</text>
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                <text>The remains of this well-preserved house temple at Tel Qasile, near the exit of the Yarkon river to the Mediterranean in central Israel, dates to the 12th-10th century BCE. Excavators recovered a number of cult objects such as incense stands and libation bowls in situ (i.e., still in place). A worshipper would have entered the temple from the east (off the top of the photo) and would first come into the open courtyard (where the altar was located). He would have then entered the temple at its northeast corner, coming into an entrance room lined with narrow benches which probably held votive statuettes or vessels. He then would have entered into the main hall through the doorway facing west. Against the west wall he would have seen the cult statue on its raised platform. Perhaps only the priests would have had access to the small treasury room behind the platform.</text>
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                <text>This aerial photograph shows the site of ancient Megiddo, the most important city of Lower Galilee in antiquity. It sits at a major crossroads at the western end of the Jezreel Valley. Megiddo was inhabited from the Pre-pottery Neolithic period until the Persian period.</text>
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                <text>This aerial photograph shows a huge outdoor altar, up to 5 feet high, that was built in the Early Bronze Age (2850-2650 BCE). The altar was accessed via the steps on the left side of the photo, and excavators found pottery and bones surrounding the altar, confirming its use in the local Canaanite cult. The walls surrounding the altar of a later date, when it was part of a huge temple. The structure continued to be used until around 2,000 BCE.</text>
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                <text>This large rectangular building with its double row of pillars was a royal storehouse from the 9th century BCE. Other storehouses like it have been discovered at Megiddo and at Tel Be'er Sheva.</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Tel Megiddo: the water tunnel</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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                <text>0056_GalileeArch31.jpg</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
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                <text>This photograph shows an underground tunnel that was part of Megiddo's water system, which was built in the 9th century BCE. Water was a precious defensive commodity - if a city had any hope of surviving a siege, they had to make sure that their inhabitants had water to drink and that their enemies did not. In order to reach the spring that fed the city from within the city walls, ancient engineers cut a 75-foot shaft equipped with a spiral staircase and then a 210-foot long horizontal underground tunnel.</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>-1000-01-01/-0332-01-01</text>
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        <name>Iron Age</name>
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        <name>Megiddo</name>
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        <name>Water system</name>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Canaan and the Twelve Tribes</text>
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              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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      <description>A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.</description>
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          <name>Lecture</name>
          <description>Name of the course lecture the image belongs to.</description>
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          <name>Location Description</name>
          <description>Description of the image's location.</description>
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            <elementText elementTextId="502">
              <text>Hazor</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
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          <name>Location Modern Country</name>
          <description>Modern country where the image is located.</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="503">
              <text>Israel/Palestine</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="54">
          <name>Location City</name>
          <description>City where the image is located.</description>
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            <elementText elementTextId="504">
              <text>Hazor</text>
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          <name>Chronology Historical</name>
          <description>Historical period.</description>
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            <elementText elementTextId="506">
              <text>Canaanite, Israelite</text>
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          <name>Chronology Archaeological</name>
          <description>Archaeological period.</description>
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            <elementText elementTextId="507">
              <text>{Iron Age I}{Iron Age II}{Late Bronze Age I}{Late Bronze Age II}{Middle Bronze Age I}{Middle Bronze Age II}{Middle Bronze Age III}</text>
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        </element>
        <element elementId="62">
          <name>Google Earth Title</name>
          <description>Title suitable for display on Google Maps/Earth.</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="509">
              <text>The Upper City</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
      </elementContainer>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
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        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Tel Hazor: the Upper City</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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                <text>0051_GalileeArch25.jpg</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="505">
                <text>The area with pillars in this photo shows the ancient ruins of a storehouse that dates to the 9th century BCE. The large rooms in the foreground date to the time of Jeroboam II (793-753 BCE). In the background is the snow-covered peak of Mt. Hermon.</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="508">
                <text>-1900-01-01/-0732-01-01</text>
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          </element>
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    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="60">
        <name>Architecture</name>
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      <tag tagId="123">
        <name>Hazor</name>
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      <tag tagId="26">
        <name>Iron Age</name>
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      <tag tagId="122">
        <name>Storehouse</name>
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      <file fileId="45">
        <src>https://image-database.nes.lsa.umich.edu/files/original/cabef7d6409546337069b8f66c9a5d9b.jpg</src>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="3396">
                  <text>Canaan and the Twelve Tribes</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="49">
              <name>Subject</name>
              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="3397">
                  <text>Canaan and the Twelve Tribes</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="3398">
                  <text>Canaan and the Twelve Tribes</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
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    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="6">
      <name>Still Image</name>
      <description>A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.</description>
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        <element elementId="66">
          <name>Lecture</name>
          <description>Name of the course lecture the image belongs to.</description>
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              <text>Canaan and the Twelve Tribes</text>
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        <element elementId="52">
          <name>Location Description</name>
          <description>Description of the image's location.</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="490">
              <text>Thebes</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="53">
          <name>Location Modern Country</name>
          <description>Modern country where the image is located.</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="491">
              <text>Egypt</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="54">
          <name>Location City</name>
          <description>City where the image is located.</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="492">
              <text>Luxor</text>
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        <element elementId="58">
          <name>Chronology Archaeological</name>
          <description>Archaeological period.</description>
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            <elementText elementTextId="494">
              <text>{Late Bronze Age}{Early Iron Age}</text>
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        <element elementId="65">
          <name>Glossary Terms</name>
          <description>Terms for use with rollover glossary.</description>
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              <text>hieroglyphs, stele</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
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        <element elementId="62">
          <name>Google Earth Title</name>
          <description>Title suitable for display on Google Maps/Earth.</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="497">
              <text>Merneptah Stele - overview</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
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          <name>Micro Slide</name>
          <description>Show on closest map zoom elevation.</description>
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              <text>Yes</text>
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      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
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        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Luxor: Merneptah Stele - overview</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="488">
                <text>0048.jpg</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="493">
                <text>The Merneptah Stele, pictured here, is an inscription written in hieroglyphs on granite during the reign of the Egyptian king Merneptah (1213-1203 BCE). It contains the earliest preserved inscriptional evidence of the name Israel (and perhaps therefore the Israelites). In the inscription 'Israel' it is mentioned together with three other defeated states in Canaan (Gezer, Yanoam, and Ashkelon). The hieroglyphic symbols used designate a foreign people group, as opposed to a city (as the words for Ashkelon, Gezer, and Yano'am are marked), suggesting that in the late 12th century Israel had achieved a specific identity as a people but had not yet developed into a fixed political entity or state.</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="496">
                <text>-1213-01-01/-1203-01-01</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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        <name>Bronze Age</name>
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      <tag tagId="121">
        <name>Canaan</name>
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      <tag tagId="92">
        <name>Hieroglyphs</name>
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      <tag tagId="8">
        <name>Israel</name>
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      <tag tagId="118">
        <name>Israelites</name>
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      <tag tagId="120">
        <name>Luxor</name>
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        <name>Merneptah Stele</name>
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        <name>Thebes</name>
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        <src>https://image-database.nes.lsa.umich.edu/files/original/7cb86ef6da4c3b42ac3f13728b1e9ec1.jpg</src>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Prehistory</text>
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            <element elementId="49">
              <name>Subject</name>
              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Prehistory</text>
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            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="3395">
                  <text>Prehistory</text>
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            </element>
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    <itemType itemTypeId="6">
      <name>Still Image</name>
      <description>A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.</description>
      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="66">
          <name>Lecture</name>
          <description>Name of the course lecture the image belongs to.</description>
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              <text>Prehistory</text>
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        <element elementId="52">
          <name>Location Description</name>
          <description>Description of the image's location.</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
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              <text>Southwest of the Sea of Galilee, on the north bank and near the outlet of Nahal Tabor</text>
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        <element elementId="53">
          <name>Location Modern Country</name>
          <description>Modern country where the image is located.</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="479">
              <text>Israel/Palestine</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="54">
          <name>Location City</name>
          <description>City where the image is located.</description>
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            <elementText elementTextId="480">
              <text>Ca. 6.8 miles soutwest of the Sea of Galilee</text>
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        <element elementId="57">
          <name>Chronology Historical</name>
          <description>Historical period.</description>
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            <elementText elementTextId="482">
              <text>prehistoric</text>
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          <name>Chronology Archaeological</name>
          <description>Archaeological period.</description>
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            <elementText elementTextId="483">
              <text>{Late Neolithic}</text>
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        <element elementId="62">
          <name>Google Earth Title</name>
          <description>Title suitable for display on Google Maps/Earth.</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="485">
              <text>Female Figurine</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="63">
          <name>Micro Slide</name>
          <description>Show on closest map zoom elevation.</description>
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              <text>Yes</text>
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      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
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        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Near Nahal Tabor: Female Figurine</text>
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          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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                <text>0037_BibArch089.jpg</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>This 6 inch-high clay figurine dates to the Late Neolithic Age (6,000-5,000 BCE), which is the same time that the earliest baked clay vessels were being made. It is the only complete one of its kind from this period, although fragments have been found elsewhere. Its interpretation is contested - for instance, some scholars think that the figurine is nude; others that the deep lines around the shoulders indicate some kind of garment. Its significance and use are also debated - was it used for religious purposes (and if so, how?), or was it nothing more than a child's toy? Figurines, often depicting naked females, are well known from later periods and have often been understood to be associated with fertility rites, whether for human or agricultural fertility.</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="484">
                <text>-6000-01-01/-5000-01-01</text>
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          </element>
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        <name>Fertility</name>
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        <name>Figurine</name>
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        <name>Nahal Tabor</name>
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          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="3393">
                  <text>Prehistory</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="49">
              <name>Subject</name>
              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
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                  <text>Prehistory</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="3395">
                  <text>Prehistory</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
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    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="6">
      <name>Still Image</name>
      <description>A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.</description>
      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="66">
          <name>Lecture</name>
          <description>Name of the course lecture the image belongs to.</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="465">
              <text>Prehistory</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="53">
          <name>Location Modern Country</name>
          <description>Modern country where the image is located.</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="467">
              <text>Iraq</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="57">
          <name>Chronology Historical</name>
          <description>Historical period.</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="469">
              <text>Sumerian</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="58">
          <name>Chronology Archaeological</name>
          <description>Archaeological period.</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="470">
              <text>{Early Bronze Age}</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="65">
          <name>Glossary Terms</name>
          <description>Terms for use with rollover glossary.</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="471">
              <text>Cuneiform, Sumerian, Sumer, logographic, syllabic</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="62">
          <name>Google Earth Title</name>
          <description>Title suitable for display on Google Maps/Earth.</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="473">
              <text>Clay tablets from southern Mesopotamia</text>
            </elementText>
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                <text>This photo shows the fully preserved arched gateway at Tel Dan, which was made of mud bricks and is the first such structure found intact in Israel. In the Early Bronze Age, sun-dried mud bricks began to replace the stones that had been used for city walls and towers, perhaps because they could be erected more quickly and raised higher than boulder walls.</text>
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              <text>Female Figurines</text>
            </elementText>
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        <name>Dublin Core</name>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Female Figurines from the Late Bronze Age</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>0039_BibArch091.jpg</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="422">
                <text>These three figurines are characteristic of Late Bronze Age molded plaque figurines. All tend to be nude and standing in frontal position. They probably represented the Canaanite goddess Ashtaroth in her role as goddess of love and procreation. Figurines such as these were made in molds and are often found in domestic quarters.</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>-1600-01-01/-1200-01-01</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
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    </elementSetContainer>
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        <name>Ashtaroth</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="63">
        <name>Bronze Age</name>
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      <tag tagId="85">
        <name>Fertility</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="84">
        <name>Figurine</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
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        <src>https://image-database.nes.lsa.umich.edu/files/original/bc192849ddbcf82e36763e2bfde03ae5.jpg</src>
        <authentication>ac4ec5e71a32ca247624668a6d524fb0</authentication>
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          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Prehistory</text>
                </elementText>
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              <name>Subject</name>
              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Prehistory</text>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Prehistory</text>
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      <name>Still Image</name>
      <description>A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.</description>
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        <element elementId="66">
          <name>Lecture</name>
          <description>Name of the course lecture the image belongs to.</description>
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              <text>Prehistory</text>
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          <name>Location Modern Country</name>
          <description>Modern country where the image is located.</description>
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              <text>Lebanon, Israel/Palestine</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
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        <element elementId="57">
          <name>Chronology Historical</name>
          <description>Historical period.</description>
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              <text>Egyptian Middle Kingdom</text>
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        <element elementId="58">
          <name>Chronology Archaeological</name>
          <description>Archaeological period.</description>
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              <text>{Middle Bronze Age}</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
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        <element elementId="65">
          <name>Glossary Terms</name>
          <description>Terms for use with rollover glossary.</description>
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              <text>Hieratic</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="62">
          <name>Google Earth Title</name>
          <description>Title suitable for display on Google Maps/Earth.</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="417">
              <text>Tale of Sinuhe</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
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        <element elementId="63">
          <name>Micro Slide</name>
          <description>Show on closest map zoom elevation.</description>
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              <text>Yes</text>
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        <element elementId="54">
          <name>Location City</name>
          <description>City where the image is located.</description>
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              <text>Southern Syria/Northern Canaan</text>
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      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
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        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Tale of Sinuhe</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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                <text>0045_AncNearEIn031.jpg</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="412">
                <text>The story of Sinuhe has been preserved on numerous papyri and ostraca. This manuscript is written in an Egyptian script called hieratic, which is closely related to Egyptian hieroglyphs, and dates to the Egyptian 12th Dynasty (ca. 1991-1785 BCE). It tells the story of an Egyptian official who lived in voluntary exile in southern Syria/northern Canaan. The details of the story are valuable for the light that they shed on life in southern Syria during the early Middle Bronze I (2000-1800 BCE). The descriptions mention tents and encampments but not towns and cities, suggesting that nomadism persisted.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="416">
                <text>-2000-01-01/-1800-01-01</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="63">
        <name>Bronze Age</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="99">
        <name>Egyptian</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="100">
        <name>Hieratic</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="102">
        <name>Papyrus</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="101">
        <name>Sinuhe</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
</itemContainer>
