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              <text>The Upper City</text>
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                <text>The area with pillars in this photo shows the ancient ruins of a storehouse that dates to the 9th century BCE. The large rooms in the foreground date to the time of Jeroboam II (793-753 BCE). In the background is the snow-covered peak of Mt. Hermon.</text>
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                <text>This aerial photograph shows the site of ancient Megiddo, the most important city of Lower Galilee in antiquity. It sits at a major crossroads at the western end of the Jezreel Valley. Megiddo was inhabited from the Pre-pottery Neolithic period until the Persian period.</text>
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                <text>The earliest writing preserved from Israel/Palestine are in the form of cuneiform on clay tablets like this one. The cuneiform script and the languages that were written in it (like Akkadian) were developed in Mesopotamia. This tablet fragment preserves part of the text of the Epic of Gilgamesh, a Mesopotamian story that includes an account of the origin of the world, a worldwide flood, and a figure much like Noah from the biblical book of Genesis.</text>
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                <text>This inscription is written in the Akkadian language that used a cuneiform (literally, 'wedge-shaped') script for letters. The earliest examples of writing from Israel/Palestine are in this script and language. This particular fragment is from Megiddo and dates to the 15th-14th centuries BCE. It records a portion of the ancient Mesopotamian legend called the Epic of Gilgamesh, which has many interesting parallels to the Hebrew Bible's story of Noah and the flood.</text>
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              <text>Palestine</text>
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              <text>Archaeological Excavations</text>
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                <text>William Foxwell Albright</text>
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                <text>Albright (1891-1971) was an American archaeologist and biblical scholar. He became the foremost proponent of “biblical archaeology,” a movement that attempted to authenticate events, people, and ideas found in the Bible through scientific, archaeological excavations. Albright used the stratigraphic method of excavating a “tel” (hill) by digging down and studying how each layer or cross section relates to the layers above and below. This includes examining the distinct material from each layer, such as pottery, debris, coins, sediment, or building ruins that have piled up over time. Albright directed important excavations at Hazor and Megiddo.</text>
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                  <text>Islamic Period</text>
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                  <text>Islamic Period</text>
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      <description>A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.</description>
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              <text>Israel</text>
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                <text>Yarmuk River: Islamic Period significance&#13;
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                <text>The Yarmuk river flows east-to-west, forming the modern political border between Syria and Jordan. The Yarmuk empties into the Jordan River just south of the Sea of Galilee, where it also marks the border between Jordan and Israel. The Yarmuk River was the site of a famous military victory by the Arab Rashidun Caliphate over the Byzantine Empire (636 CE), after which the Islamic forces established their supremacy over Syria. The brilliant military strategist, Khalid ibn al-Walid, trapped the Byzantine army by outflanking them on the north, thus pinning them against the ravine to the west and the Yarmuk River to the south.</text>
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              <text>Yiftael</text>
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              <text>Ca. 4.5 miles west of Sepphoris</text>
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              <text>{Chalcolithic}{Early Bronze Age I}</text>
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                <text>Yiftael: Early Bronze Age I Architecture</text>
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                <text>0031_GalileeArch016.jpg</text>
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                <text>The ancient site of Yiftael, in Lower Galilee, has one of the best preserved Chalcolithic and Early Bronze Age I (3150-2850) villages in Galilee. This photograph shows the foundations of the round or elliptical houses that comprised a room that was ca. 15 feet in diameter. The small circle of stones near the center of each house constituted a stone base for a wooden pillar. Nobody knows what the flat stones with the two holes in them were used for.</text>
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                <text>-3150-01-01/-2850-01-01</text>
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